Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 扒

Modern (Beijing) reading: bā

Preclassic Old Chinese: prēts

Classic Old Chinese: prēć

Western Han Chinese: prjāś

Eastern Han Chinese: priāś

Early Postclassic Chinese: piẹ̄ś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: piẹ̄̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: piẹ̄̀j

Middle Chinese: pạ̈̀j

English meaning : to dig, pick

Russian meaning[s]: 1) выкапывать, рыть (напр. картошку); 2) отнять; ободрать; снять; 3) удерживать; [pá] 1) вскарабкаться, подняться на...; 2) залезть в чужой карман, совершить карманную кражу

Comments: A late word, attested only since Tang. Modern bā is irregular; there is also a number of other colloquial readings, having no apparent MC source (pā, pá).

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 6362

Character: 扑

Modern (Beijing) reading: pū

Preclassic Old Chinese: phōk

Classic Old Chinese: phōk

Western Han Chinese: phōk

Eastern Han Chinese: phōk

Early Postclassic Chinese: phōk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phōk

Late Postclassic Chinese: phwōk

Middle Chinese: phuk

English meaning : rod; stick

Russian meaning[s]: 1) побить; прихлопнуть, см. 撲; 2) указка

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 1962

Karlgren code: 1210 e

Character: 斥

Modern (Beijing) reading: chì

Preclassic Old Chinese: thiak

Classic Old Chinese: thiak

Western Han Chinese: thiak

Eastern Han Chinese: ćhiak

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćhek

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćhek

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćhek

Middle Chinese: ćhek

English meaning : salty soil

Russian meaning[s]: 1) гнать, изгонять; вытеснять; отвергать; опровергать; бойкотировать; 2) обнаруживать, видеть; открывать; высматривать, выведывать; 3) расширять; 4) поднимать (напр. землю); 5) солончаки; 6) показывать

Comments: During LZ used for homonymous *thiak 'to rebuff; examine, spy out; point, indicate; spread, grow numerous'.

Radical: 69

Four-angle index: 2018

Karlgren code: 0792 a-c

Character: 旦

Modern (Beijing) reading: dàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: tāns

Classic Old Chinese: tānh

Western Han Chinese: tānh

Eastern Han Chinese: tānh

Early Postclassic Chinese: tā̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tā̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: tā̀n

Middle Chinese: tần

English meaning : the time of sunrise

Russian meaning[s]: 1) утро, рассвет; рассветать; 2) театр. амплуа молодых женщин

Comments: Also used for a homonymous *tān-s 'a place of sacrifice' (probably related to 壇 *dān 'altar'), as well as for *tānʔ-s (derived from *tānʔ q.v.) 'be done in a sincere manner, sincere'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 11

Karlgren code: 0149 a-b

Go-on: tan

Kan-on: tan

Japanese reading: tan;ashita

Vietnamese reading: d_án

Shijing occurrences: 34.3_

Character: 朮

Modern (Beijing) reading: shu

Preclassic Old Chinese: lut

Classic Old Chinese: lwǝt

Western Han Chinese: lwǝt

Eastern Han Chinese: źwǝt

Early Postclassic Chinese: źwɨt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: źwɨt

Late Postclassic Chinese: źwɨt

Middle Chinese: źwit

English meaning : glutinous millet

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0497 a-b

Character: 本

Modern (Beijing) reading: běn

Preclassic Old Chinese: pǝ̄rʔ

Classic Old Chinese: pǝ̄́n

Western Han Chinese: pǝ̄́n

Eastern Han Chinese: pǝ̄́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: pǝ̄́n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pǝ̄́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: pǝ̄́n

Middle Chinese: pón

English meaning : root

Russian meaning[s]: 1) корень; ствол; основа; основной, коренной, главный; в основном, в сущности; 2) исток, начало; первоначально, в истоке; 3) данный, настоящий; подлинный; текущий, этот; 4) мой, наш; 5) капитал, основной капитал; 6) корешок (переплета), том; счетный суффикс книг; 7) стар. докладная записка

Comments: Viet. also has a colloquial loan: vốn 'capital, funds, principal'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 5292

Karlgren code: 0440 a

Vietnamese reading: ba`n

Character: 未

Modern (Beijing) reading: wèi

Preclassic Old Chinese: mǝts

Classic Old Chinese: mǝć

Western Han Chinese: mǝś

Eastern Han Chinese: mwǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: mwɨś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mwɨ̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: mwɨ̀j

Middle Chinese: mwɨ̀j

English meaning : the 8th Earthly Branch; not yet, still not

Russian meaning[s]: 1) не (обычно с прошедшим временем); еще не (в литературном языке, отрицание соответствующее устному 沒); ...или нет (соответствует 否); 2) 8-ой из циклических знаков; август; время с 1 до 3 часов дня; 3) 5-е число (в телеграммах)

Shuowen gloss: 味也.六月�味也.五行木老於未.象木重枝葉也.凡未之屬皆從未. [74]

Comments: In Viet., mùi (a more archaic loan) is used only in the sense '8th Earthly Branch'; the meaning 'not yet' is read with a standard Sino-Viet. reading vị. One of the OC *m-negations; see 無 (etymologically 未 is a contraction < 毋 *mǝ + 既 *kǝć < *kǝp-s). For *m cf. Chaozhou bue⁶, Xiamen be⁶, Fuzhou muoi⁶.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 5327

Karlgren code: 0531 a-f

Vietnamese reading: mùi

Shijing occurrences: 10.1, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 34.3, 58.3

Character: 末

Modern (Beijing) reading: mò

Preclassic Old Chinese: māt

Classic Old Chinese: māt

Western Han Chinese: māt

Eastern Han Chinese: māt

Early Postclassic Chinese: māt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: māt

Late Postclassic Chinese: māt

Middle Chinese: mwât

English meaning : end, finish, result, the last

Russian meaning[s]: 1) верхушка дерева; верхушка; кончик; оконечность; 2) конец; наконец; конечный; поздний; последний; современный; 3) лом; осколки, обломки; пыль; порошок; 4) нет, не имеется; не, нельзя; не надо; 5) мелкий, незначительный; низкий; унич. мой

Comments: For *m- cf. Xiamen buaʔ⁸, Chaozhou muek⁸, Fuzhou muak⁸, Jianou muoi⁸, Meixian mat⁸.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 5334

Karlgren code: 0277 a

Character: 札

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhá

Russian meaning[s]: 1) древн. деревянные дощечки для письма; письмо, записка; письменный приказ; 2) преждевременно умереть, безвременно погибнуть; 3) связать, см. 紮

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 75

Four-angle index: 6910

Character: 正

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhèng

Preclassic Old Chinese: teŋs

Classic Old Chinese: teŋh

Western Han Chinese: teŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: ćeŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćèŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćèŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćèŋ

Middle Chinese: ćèŋ

English meaning : to be straight, correct; govern; determine

Comments: Also read *teŋ, MC ćeŋ, Mand. zhēng 'center of target; first (month)' ( = Viet. chiếng, although the Viet. tone corresponds rather to MC ćèŋ). Viet. chiếng is colloquial; regular Sino-Viet. is chính. A loan from another dialectal source is probably Viet. giêng 'the first month of the lunar year'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0833 j-n

Vietnamese reading: chiếng

Jianchuan Bai: ?tuĩ4

Dali Bai: cer3, ?tui5

Bijiang Bai: ?te4, tui4

Character: 母

Modern (Beijing) reading: mǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: mǝ̄ʔ

Classic Old Chinese: mǝ̄́

Western Han Chinese: mǝ̄́

Eastern Han Chinese: mǝ̄́

Early Postclassic Chinese: mṓw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mǝ̄́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: mǝ̄́w

Middle Chinese: mʌ́w

English meaning : mother

Russian meaning[s]: 1) мать, матушка, мамаша; пожилая женщина; самка; единоутробный, от одной матери; материнское (производящее) начало; 2) основная часть; капитал; 3) общее (в противоположность частному); 4) знаменатель (дроби); 5) фонетик (иероглифа); 6) Му (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 牧也.從女.象懷子形.一曰象乳子也.

Comments: For initial *m- cf. Min forms: Xiamen bo³, Chaozhou bo³, Fuzhou, Jianou mu³.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 80

Four-angle index: 4758

Karlgren code: 0947 a-e

Vietnamese reading: mẫu

Jianchuan Bai: -mo1

Dali Bai: -mo1

Bijiang Bai: -mo1

Shijing occurrences: 2.3_, 29.4, 32.1, 32.2, 32.3, 32.4, 39.2, 45.1, 45.2, 51.1, 51.2_

Character: 民

Modern (Beijing) reading: mín

Preclassic Old Chinese: min

Classic Old Chinese: min

Western Han Chinese: mjǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: mjǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: mjin

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mjin

Late Postclassic Chinese: mjin

Middle Chinese: mjin

English meaning : people

Russian meaning[s]: 1) народ; народный; 2) население, люди; граждане, подданные; 3) простой народ; простонародный; общедоступный; простолюдин; офиц. я (частный гражданин о себе в официальном заявлении); 4) частновладельческий, частный; 5) гражданский (в противоположность военному и уголовному)

Comments: For *m cf. Xiamen min², Fuzhou, Chaozhou miŋ², Jianou mɛiŋ².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 83

Four-angle index: 6708

Karlgren code: 0457 a-b

Vietnamese reading: dân

Shijing occurrences: 35.4

Character: 氐

Modern (Beijing) reading: dǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: tǝ̄jʔ (~ -ījʔ)

Classic Old Chinese: tǝ̄́j

Western Han Chinese: tǝ̄́j

Eastern Han Chinese: tǝ̄́j

Early Postclassic Chinese: tǝ̄́j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tǝ̄́j

Late Postclassic Chinese: tǝ̄́j

Middle Chinese: tíej

English meaning : base, foundation, root

Russian meaning[s]: 1) основание, основа, корень, см. 柢; 2) прибывать, достигать, см. 抵; [dī] 1) древн. ди (племя, жившее в западной части провинции Шэньси и в Ганьсу); 2) Ди (название созвездия)

Comments: In later literature the word was usually written as 底 or 柢; not quite clear is its relation to a later (attested since Han) word 低 *tǝ̄j 'low, bottom' (q.v.). Viet. dú'o'i 'under, below' is colloquial, as well as another word, borrowed from the same source - Viet. d_áy 'bottom'; the regular Sino-Viet. reading is d_ê`.

Radical: 83

Four-angle index: 6691

Karlgren code: 0590 a-b

Vietnamese reading: dú'o'i

Character: 永

Modern (Beijing) reading: yǒng

Preclassic Old Chinese: wraŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: wráŋ

Western Han Chinese: wráŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: wréŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: wéŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: wéŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: wéŋ

Middle Chinese: wä́iŋ

English meaning : be perpetual, long lasting, forever

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вечный; навечно, навсегда; с отрицанием никогда; 2) продолжительный; постоянный; надолго

Shuowen gloss: 水長也.象水�理之長永也.詩曰.江之永矣.凡永之屬皆從永. [569]

Comments: For *w- cf. Min forms: Xiamen, Fuzhou iŋ³, Chaozhou ioŋ³.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 5515

Karlgren code: 0764 a-f

Shijing occurrences: 3.2, 3.3, 9.1_, 9.2_, 9.3_, 39.4, 56.1, 56.2, 56.3

Character: 汁

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhī

Preclassic Old Chinese: kip

Classic Old Chinese: kip

Western Han Chinese: kjǝp

Eastern Han Chinese: kjǝp

Early Postclassic Chinese: kjip

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kjip

Late Postclassic Chinese: kjip

Middle Chinese: ćip

English meaning : juice, sap; melting snow [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: сок; влага; жидкость

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 2231

Karlgren code: 0686 f

Character: 汀

Modern (Beijing) reading: tīng

Preclassic Old Chinese: thēŋ

Classic Old Chinese: thēŋ

Western Han Chinese: thēŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: thiēŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: thiēŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thiēŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: thiēŋ

Middle Chinese: thieŋ

English meaning : island [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: берег реки; отмель

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 2937

Karlgren code: 0833 f

Character: 氾

Modern (Beijing) reading: fàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: phrams

Classic Old Chinese: phramh

Western Han Chinese: phramh

Eastern Han Chinese: phramh

Early Postclassic Chinese: phàm

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phàm

Late Postclassic Chinese: phàm

Middle Chinese: phwɨ̀m

Russian meaning[s]: 1) наводнение, разлив; 2) широкий, обширный; широко распространять; повсюду; 3) неустойчивый; неопределенный

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 7050

Character: 犯

Modern (Beijing) reading: fàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: b(h)ramʔ

Classic Old Chinese: b(h)rám

Western Han Chinese: b(h)rám

Eastern Han Chinese: b(h)rám

Early Postclassic Chinese: b(h)ám

Middle Postclassic Chinese: b(h)ǝ́m

Late Postclassic Chinese: b(h)ǝ́m

Middle Chinese: bwǝ́m

English meaning : to commit a crime, to offend [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) преступать закон, совершать преступление; преступник; 2) нарушить; учинить дебош (скандал); затеять; совершить; 3) осквернить; 4) вторгнуться, ворваться; 5) дать рецидив (о болезни)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 94

Four-angle index: 7033

Karlgren code: 0626 a

Vietnamese reading: phạm

Character: 玄

Modern (Beijing) reading: xuán

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)ʷīn

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)wīn

Western Han Chinese: gwjǝ̄n (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: gwiǝ̄n (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gwiēn (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gwiēn (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: gwiēn (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣwien

English meaning : be dark-colored, black

Russian meaning[s]: 1) отдаленный; уединенный; 2) темный; фиолетово-черный; 3) мистический, сокровенный, таинственный, непостижимый; глубокий; непонятный; даос. сокровенные силы природы; 4) чистый; спокойный; тихий; 5) пустой, нереальный; фальшивый; 6) Сюань (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 幽遠也.象幽.**覆之也.黑而有赤色者為玄.凡玄之屬皆從玄. [159]

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 95

Four-angle index: 8683

Karlgren code: 0366 a-b

Shijing occurrences: 3.3

Character: 玉

Modern (Beijing) reading: yù

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋok

Classic Old Chinese: ŋok

Western Han Chinese: ŋok

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋok

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋok

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋok

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋok

Middle Chinese: ŋöuk

English meaning : jade

Russian meaning[s]: 1) драгоценный камень; яшма; нефрит; 2) прекрасный; благородный; вежл. Ваш; 3) белый, чистый; безупречный; 4) луна; красавица (в сравнениях); 5) Юй (фамилия)

Comments: For *ŋ cf. Xiamen gik⁸, Chaozhou gek⁸, Fuzhou ŋük⁸, Jianou ŋü⁸ - butYilan giǝk⁷ points to a possibility of reconstructing *ŋh-.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 96

Four-angle index: 344

Karlgren code: 1216 a-c

Vietnamese reading: ngọc

Shijing occurrences: 23.2_, 47.2